End of Feudalism essays

End of Feudalism essays In Medieval Europe, politics were organized into a religious hierarchy knows as feudalism. This system dominated Europe for many years. Many factors contributed to breakdown of the feudal system. When this order finally ended it was replaced by an era known as the Renaissance, which would lead to modern Europe. Feudalism was based on two main concepts. One was the divine right to rule, where everyone believed that the leader ruled in the power of God. Therefore if someone went against them, then he or she was committing blasphemy and should be put to death. The second concept, known as absolutism, meant that there were no appeals for arguments with the leaders or their decisions. When these concepts began to be questioned and even proven wrong feudalism began to fail. Feudalism ended for many reasons, many of them relating to a change in economy. In order for feudalism to succeed it needed to be in a strictly agricultural society. Therefore its fall began with the rise of commerce. Many things aided commerce in its rise, such as religion. The cathedrals encouraged people, who would not normally leave their home villages, to venture out on pilgrimages. While on these journeys people had to spend money. They needed food and a place to stay, preferably near the cathedrals. From this created cities around the cathedrals. With the cities came trade, commerce, and a business class of people. Under these conditions there was no economic reason for feudalism to continue. This trading encouraged small villages to trade with one another. Eventually people were traveling often and constantly interacting with other villages. This raised the idea of regionalism and eventually nationalism. Along with the trading of money came the sharing of cultu res, art, music, and ideas with the Islamic world, Mongol Empire, and other foreign places. From these cultures Europeans picked up ideas like, the alphabet, and ide...

Synthesis Reaction Definition and Examples

Synthesis Reaction Definition and Examples A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is one of the most common types of chemical reactions. In a synthesis reaction, two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. A B → AB In this form, a synthesis reaction is easy to recognize because you have more reactants than products. Two or more reactants combine to make one larger compound. One way to think of synthesis reactions is that they are the reverse of a decomposition reaction. Synthesis Reaction Examples In the simplest synthesis reactions, two elements combine to form a binary compound (a compound made of two elements). The combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (II) sulfide is an example of a synthesis reaction: 8 Fe S8 → 8 FeS Another example of a synthesis reaction is the formation of potassium chloride from potassium and chlorine gas: 2K(s) Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s) As in these reactions, its common for a metal to react with a nonmetal. One typical nonmetal is oxygen, as in the everyday synthesis reaction of rust formation: 4 Fe (s) 3 O2 (g) → 2 Fe2O3 (s) Direct combination reactions arent always just simple elements reacting to form compounds. Another everyday example of a synthesis reaction is the reaction that forms hydrogen sulfate, a component of acid rain. Here, the sulfur oxide compound reacts with water to form a single product: SO3 (g) H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq) So far, the reactions you have seen have only one product molecule on the right-hand side of the chemical equation. Be on the lookout for synthesis reactions with multiple products. A familiar example of a more complex synthesis reaction is the overall equation for photosynthesis: CO2 H2O → C6H12O6 O2 The glucose molecule is more complex than either carbon dioxide or water. Remember, the key to identifying a synthesis or direct combination reaction is to recognize two or more reactants form a more complex product molecule! Predicting Products Certain synthesis reactions form predictable products: Combining two pure elements will form a binary compound.The product formed by reacting a metallic oxide and carbon dioxide will be a carbonate.Binary salts react with oxygen to form a chlorate.